If given incorrectly, intramuscular injections may result in poor absorption of drug, reduced drug effectiveness, or irritation to surrounding tissues. In this study, IM injection techniques were observed and documented for needle length, injection site, needle insertion, and stretching or bunching of the skin during injection in a population of adult females. The patients’ weights and BMIs were recorded to determine the amount of subcutaneous fat at the injection site. In 22 patients of varied weights, 90% of injections were given within current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice (ACIP) guidelines in normal and underweight patients, and 17% were given within ACIP guidelines in overweight and obese patients. The study concluded that the needle length used is often too short in overweight and obese individuals.

According to WHO there are more than 2.1 billion overweight people globally. Millions of these are under medical treatment and too big to receive an intramuscular injection. As a result Doctors and Nurses have to do the injections at home or at a clinic. It is a huge problem as lots of medication are designed and approved to be stored in the muscle tissue in order to achieve full efficiency.